SPIGOT & SOCKET PIPES - BENDS & JUNCTIONS   Product Range  Bends & Junctions  Laboratory Tests  Site Tests  Jointing & Laying  Specification, Handling & Storage Recommended Trench Width & Bedding Pipes The centre line effective length on bends vary depending on diameter of pipe. Bends are manufactured by cutting pipes into two or three segments and joining them together at the required angle using an epoxy resin. Although manufactured from class H pipes, Bends are not load bearing structures and should be encased in concrete surround to carry any applied load. Manholes are normally required for inspection purposes over bends in sewers, however, there may be occasions where bends are permitted without a manhole. e.g. 90º or 45º bends immediately outside a drop manhole 11/4º Bend placed immediately outside a manhole Various Bends in Drains carrying only rainwater 150 Diameter Bends on pipes from road gully to main drain. Junctions (Fig 1) Junctions are normally attached to full length pipes, inlet part always being the female or socket end. Concrete surround should always be placed around a junction. Manholes are normally required at intersection of junctions for inspection purposes, however there may be occasions where junctions are permitted without the use of a manhole e.g. smaller diameter pipes from road gullies or one off houses to main drain which are usually 100 or 150 Diameter and may be P.V.C. clay pipe, or concrete pipe. Tumbling Bay Junctions (Fig 2) Tumbling Bay Junctions which are used outside Drop Manholes are normally attached to full length pipes which can be provided with Butt End if requested. The male or spigot end is always used as outlet on Tumbling Bay junctions. The Outlet Diameter Pipe is always the same as the main pipe. Tumbling Bay Junctions and associated bends, used to transfer drain from incoming invert to lower invert level, must be surrounded in concrete. Customers are asked to give adequate notice of their requirements for junctions or bends as they are usually made to order, this is due to the vast range and type for each diameter of pipe.